加味金宁方抑制磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发的临床评价

  目的：观察加味金宁方对磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发的抑制作用。  方法：将72例磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组36例。治疗组服用加味金宁方,对照组服用1/20剂量加味金宁方。两组均连续服药1年或至病情进展,观察实体瘤疗效、免疫疗效,比较中医证候积分的变化情况。  结果：①试验过程中治疗组、对照组各脱落3例,最终有效完成试验的病例66例,治疗组、对照组各33例。②实体瘤疗效:在术后1年内,治疗组、对照组的疾病控制率分别为93.94%、72.73%；治疗组实体瘤疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。③免疫疗效:术后3个月治疗组、对照组有效率分别为75.76%、69.70%,两组免疫疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；术后6个月、术后9个月、术后12个月两组免疫疗效比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。④治疗后,两组中医证候积分均呈持续下降趋势,与本组前一观察时点比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；术后6个月、术后9个月、术后12个月组间比较,治疗组中医证候积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。  结论：加味金宁方对磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发具有一定的抑制作用,且有助于促进机体免疫功能的恢复,并改善中医证候,值得临床推广应用。     

不同类型的肺部磨玻璃结节患者术前免疫炎症指标和癌胚抗原的比较

目的：比较不同病理类型的肺部磨玻璃结节（GGO）患者术前中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比率（PLR）、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比率（LMR）和血清癌胚抗原（CEA）的差异及其临床意义。方法：收集接受手术治疗的494例患者的NLR、PLR、LMR，其中浸润性腺癌176例，微浸润性腺癌150例，腺体前驱病变117例，良性病变51例。仅收集到150例浸润性腺癌、127例微浸润性腺癌、95例腺体前驱病变和45例良性病变的血清CEA数值。分别比较各组之间的NLR、PLR、LMR、CEA。结果：腺体前驱病变组的NLR（2.32±1.59）较良性病变组（1.82±0.64）高（P＜0.05）。肺腺癌组的PLR（141.19±53.14）、腺体前驱病变组的PLR（145.94±51.92）较良性病变组（124.90±37.04）高（均P＜0.05）。肺腺癌组的CEA [1.83（1.18， 2.73）ng/mL]较腺体前驱病变+良性病变组 [1.49（1.03，2.08）ng/mL]高（P＜0.01）。浸润性腺癌组的CEA [2.14（1.29，2.92）ng/mL]分别较微浸润性腺癌组 [1.67（1.09，2.43）ng/mL]、腺体前驱病变组 [1.46（1.03，2.06）ng/mL]、良性病变组 [1.53（1.00，2.10）ng/mL]高（P＜0.05）。结论：全身免疫炎症指标在早期肺腺癌，甚至是腺体前驱病变阶段就开始发生变化，血清CEA在早期肺腺癌就开始发生变化。动态观察上述指标的变化，有利于早期发现恶性病变，从而尽早进行干预。     

胸腔镜肺小结节切除术前微弹簧圈定位的临床应用研究

目的:研究孤立性肺结节(SPN)胸腔镜术前CT引导下双弹簧圈精准标记定位的应用价值。方法:回顾分析43例SPN胸腔镜术前定位病例资料，包括双弹簧圈组22例，Hook-wire定位组21例。统计双弹簧圈定位的术中、术后并发症，衔接期时间以及作楔形切除所用时间，并将两组结果进行对比分析。结果:两组病例定位均取得成功；双弹簧圈组的气胸发生率(9.0%)，肺出血发生率(9.0%)，胸痛发生率(9.0%)均低于Hook-wire组，其中肺出血发生率与Hook-wire组比较，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)；衔接时间双弹簧圈组（15.38±8.32）h长于Hook-wire组（4.21±3.29）h，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；作楔形切除所用时间双弹簧圈组(21.01±7.14)min与Hook-wire组(18.22±5.18)min差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论:采用双微弹簧圈进行SPN胸腔镜手术前精准标记定位安全可靠、效果良好，与Hook-wire定位比较并发症发生率更低，并可获得更长的衔接期，具有较高的应用价值。     

New Fissure-Attached Nodules in Lung Cancer Screening: A Brief Report From The NELSON Study

IntroductionIn incidence lung cancer screening rounds, new pulmonary nodules are regular findings. They have a higher lung cancer probability than baseline nodules. Previous studies have shown that baseline perifissural nodules (PFNs) represent benign lesions. Whether this is also the case for incident PFNs is unknown. This study evaluated newly detected nodules in the Dutch-Belgian randomized-controlled NELSON study with respect to incidence of fissure-attached nodules, their classification, and lung cancer probability.MethodsWithin the NELSON trial, 7557 participants underwent baseline screening between April 2004 and December 2006. Participants with new nodules detected after baseline were included. Nodules were classified based on location and attachment. Fissure-attached nodules were re-evaluated to be classified as typical, atypical, or non-PFN by two radiologists without knowledge of participant lung cancer status.ResultsOne thousand four hundred eighty-four new nodules were detected in 949 participants (77.4% male, median age 59 years [interquartile range: 55–63 years]) in the second, third, and final NELSON screening round. Based on 2-year follow-up or pathology, 1393 nodules (93.8%) were benign. In total, 97 (6.5%) were fissure-attached, including 10 malignant nodules. None of the new fissure-attached malignant nodules was classified as typical or atypical PFN.ConclusionsIn the NELSON study, 6.5% of incident lung nodules were fissure-attached. None of the lung cancers that originated from a new fissure-attached nodule in the incidence lung cancer screening rounds was classified as a typical or atypical PFN. Our results suggest that also in the case of a new PFN, it is highly unlikely that these PFNs will be diagnosed as lung cancer.     

Cost-Effectiveness of Follow-Up for Subsolid Pulmonary Nodules in High-Risk Patients

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a number of follow-up guidelines and variants for subsolid pulmonary nodules.MethodsWe used a simulation model informed by data from the literature and the National Lung Screening Trial to simulate patients with ground-glass nodules (GGNs) detected at baseline computed tomography undergoing follow-up. The nodules were allowed to grow and develop solid components over time. We tested the guidelines generated by varying follow-up recommendations for low-risk nodules, that is, pure GGNs or those stable over time. For each guideline, we computed average US costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained per patient and identified the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of those on the efficient frontier. In addition, we compared the costs and effects of the most recently released version of the Lung Computed Tomography Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS), version 1.1, with those of the previous version, 1.0. Finally, we performed sensitivity analyses of our results by varying several relevant parameters.ResultsRelative to the no follow-up scenario, the follow-up guideline system that was cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay of $100,000/QALY and had the greatest QALY assigned low-risk nodules a 2-year follow-up interval and stopped follow-up after 2 years for GGNs and after 5 years for part-solid nodules; this strategy yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $99,970. Lung-RADS version 1.1 was found to be less costly but no less effective than Lung-RADS version 1.0. These findings were essentially stable under a range of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsCeasing follow-up for low-risk subsolid nodules after 2 to 5 years of stability is more cost-effective than perpetual follow-up. Lung-RADS version 1.1 was cheaper but similarly effective to version 1.0.     

重症肌无力相关抗体的研究进展

作为一种累及神经肌肉接头的自身免疫性疾病,重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)的发病机制与自身免疫性抗体密切相关。关于MG相关抗体,研究最多且最为明确的是乙酰胆碱受体抗体(acetylcholine receptor antibody,AChR-Ab),由于存在AChR-Ab阴性的MG患者,近年来学者们开始热衷于研究AChR-Ab以外的其他抗体,如肌肉特异性酪氨酸激酶抗体、低密度脂蛋白4抗体等,并进行相应治疗方案的探索。该文对MG相关抗体的研究进展进行综述,为今后治疗该病提供临床依据和参考。     

Multiple pulmonary rheumatoid nodules

We present a case of 45-year-old female patient with the diagnosis of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, who was admitted to our rheumatology department with exacerbation of the disease. The patient''s disease activity score (DAS 28) was 6.9. Physical examination revealed changes in the lung auscultation as a rough breathing sound at the middle and lower lobe of the right lung. Chest X-ray revealed multiple nodular densities in both lungs. Lung biopsy was performed for the diagnosis and revealed necrotizing granulomas with central fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by epithelioid cells. Such a histopathological picture is typical for rheumatoid nodules. Finally the patient was treated with rituximab, with significant improvement.     

High-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits the differentiation of bone-forming rat calvarial progenitor cells

Purpose: Orthodontic tooth movement occurs during the bone remodeling induced by therapeutic mechanical strain. It is important to investigate the relation between the strength of mechanical stress and bone formation activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-magnitude mechanical strain on bone formation in detail.

Materials and methods: Osteoblast-like cells isolated from fetal rat calvariae were loaded with 18% cyclic tension force (TF) for 48?h. To phenotypically investigate the effect of TF, we measured the number and the size of bone nodules stained by von Kossa technique on day 21 after cell seeding and determined the calcium content of bone nodules on day 14. Furthermore, we examined the gene expression of BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2, which are important factors for bone nodule formation, on days 1, 4 and 7 after TF loading.

Results: The maximum bone nodule size in the control group was 1620 and 719?μm in the TF group. Furthermore, the mean number of bone nodules sized over 360?μm in the TF group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. The calcium content was also significantly decreased to 42% by TF loading. The mRNA expression of BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2 was decreased 1 and 4 days after TF loading.

Conclusion: The differentiation of bone forming progenitor cells into bone nodule forming cells was inhibited by TF due to the decreased expression of bone formation related factors such as BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2.